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OBJECTIVE@#To re-evaluate the systematic review/Meta-analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion for childhood autism (CA), aiming to provide decision-making basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*METHODS@#The systematic review and/or Meta-analysis of acupuncture and moxibustion for CA were searched in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases. The retrieval time was from the database establishment to May 5th, 2022. PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) was used to evaluate the report quality, and AMSTAR 2 (a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews 2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality, bubble map was used to construct the evidence map and GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of evidence.@*RESULTS@#A total of 9 systematic reviews were included. The PRISMA scores ranged from 13 to 26. The report quality was low, and there was a serious lack in the aspects of program and registration, search, other analysis and funding. The main problems in methodology included not making prespecified protocol, incomplete retrieval strategy, not providing a list of excluded literatures, and incomplete explanation on heterogeneity analysis and bias risk. The evidence map showed that 6 conclusions were valid, 2 conclusions were possible valid and 1 conclusion was uncertain valid. The overall quality of evidence was low, and the main factors leading to the downgrade were limitations, followed by inconsistency, imprecision and publication bias.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture and moxibustion has a certain effect for CA, but the quality of reporting, methodology and evidence in included literature need to be improved. It is suggested to perform high-quality and standardized research in the future to provide evidence-based basis.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Acupuncture Therapy/methods , Autistic Disorder , Moxibustion/methods , Publication Bias , Research Design , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Meta-Analysis as TopicABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of hypergravity on morphology and osteogenesis function of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods The cultured MC3T3-E1 cells under hypergravity by different loading forces were divided into five groups, including control group, 5 g group, 10 g group, 15 g group and 20 g group. The experimental groups were loaded for 30 min each time in the three successive days, and the control group was synchronously exposed to the same surrounding except for difference in g-value. The morphology of cytoskeletal protein was observed by phalloidin staining, The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was examined by ALP activity assay kit, the gene expression of ALP, collagen Ⅰ(ColⅠ), osteocalcin (OC), runt-related transcription factors (Runx2) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR, and the protein expression of ColⅠ and OC was tested by Western blot. Results Under the condition of hypergravity, cell body of osteoblast became thinner, but its surface area increased significantly; with the structure of skeletal arrangement becoming loose, actin microfilament structure reduced so that arrangement of actin-like dispersion orderly lowered. The gene expressions of related indicators of osteogenic differentiation including ALP, ColⅠ, OC, Runx2 loaded by hypergravity were significantly up-regulated, which was the same as ColⅠ protein and OC protein after hypergravity loading. There was only a very minute quantity of small red-orange nodules in the control group, while the cells after hypergravity loading in experimental groups obviously formed various sizes of red-orange nodules. Conclusions Under hypergravity, changes in osteoblast morphology can be triggered by rearrangements of skeletal structure. Furthermore, osteoblast maturation and differentiation can be stimulated effectively by up-regulating differentiation-related gene and protein expressions.
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Objective To explore the effect of hypergravity on morphology and osteogenesis function of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 ceils.Methods The cultured MC3T3-E1 cells under hypergravity by different loading forces were divided into five groups,including control group,5 g group,10 g group,15 g group and 20 g group.The experimental groups were loaded for 30 min each time in 3 successive days,and the control group with no g-value was synchronously exposed to the same surrounding.The morphology of cytoskeletal protein was observed by phalIoidin staining,The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was examined by ALP activity assay kit,the gene expression of ALP,collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ),osteocalcin (OC),runt-related transcription factors (Runx2) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR,and the protein expression of Col Ⅰ and OC was tested by Western blotting.Results Under the condition of hypergravity,cell body of osteoblast became thinner,but its surface area increased significantly;with the structure of skeletal arrangement becoming loose,actin microfilament structure reduced so that the orderly arrangement of actin-like dispersion lowered.The gene expressions of related indicators of osteogenic differentiation including ALP,Col][,OC,Runx2 were significantly up-regulated,which was the same as Col Ⅰ protein and OC protein after hypergravity loading.A very minute quantity of small red-orange nodules was found in the control group,while the cells in experimental groups after hypergravity loading obviously formed various sizes of red-orange nodules.Conclusions Under hypergravity,changes in osteoblast morphology can be triggered by rearrangements of skeletal structure.Furthermore,osteoblast maturation and differentiation can be stimulated effectively by up-regulating differentiation-related gene and protein expressions.
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Objective To explore the effect of hypergravity on morphology and osteogenesis function of preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 ceils.Methods The cultured MC3T3-E1 cells under hypergravity by different loading forces were divided into five groups,including control group,5 g group,10 g group,15 g group and 20 g group.The experimental groups were loaded for 30 min each time in 3 successive days,and the control group with no g-value was synchronously exposed to the same surrounding.The morphology of cytoskeletal protein was observed by phalIoidin staining,The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was examined by ALP activity assay kit,the gene expression of ALP,collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ),osteocalcin (OC),runt-related transcription factors (Runx2) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR,and the protein expression of Col Ⅰ and OC was tested by Western blotting.Results Under the condition of hypergravity,cell body of osteoblast became thinner,but its surface area increased significantly;with the structure of skeletal arrangement becoming loose,actin microfilament structure reduced so that the orderly arrangement of actin-like dispersion lowered.The gene expressions of related indicators of osteogenic differentiation including ALP,Col][,OC,Runx2 were significantly up-regulated,which was the same as Col Ⅰ protein and OC protein after hypergravity loading.A very minute quantity of small red-orange nodules was found in the control group,while the cells in experimental groups after hypergravity loading obviously formed various sizes of red-orange nodules.Conclusions Under hypergravity,changes in osteoblast morphology can be triggered by rearrangements of skeletal structure.Furthermore,osteoblast maturation and differentiation can be stimulated effectively by up-regulating differentiation-related gene and protein expressions.
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In the environment of adaptive mechanics, osteoblasts, which are the main functional cells of bone formation, are one of the main cells in response to the mechanical loading. With the development of technology, more and more astronauts, pilots and other are exposed to the hypergravity environment. In order to better understand the mechanobiology response of osteoblasts under hypergravity, this paper reviews the mechanobiological research progress in morphology, gene expression, cytokine secretion and signal transduction pathways of ostoblasts, so as to thoughts and preparations for mechanobiology research of bone tissues in hypergravity environment.
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Objective To investigate the mechanical properties of both artificial cartilage and host cartilage by establishing the in vitro model of tissue engineered cartilage for repairing defects. Methods The agarose gel as an artificial cartilage was implanted in a deep cartilage defect connected with biological adhesive to set up the in vitro model of tissue engineered articular cartilage defects. Under the compression load, the instant mechanical behavior of the repair area was studied using the digital image correlation technology. Results There was no cracking phenomenon occurred at the interface during the compression process. The Strain distributions at middle layer of the repair area were obtained when the cartilage thickness appeared changes with 3.5%, 5.6%, 7.04% and 9.0% by the compression, respectively. When the compressing change increased from 3.5% to 9%, the maximum compressive strain of host cartilage was increased by 75.9%, and the maximum tensile strain of artificial cartilage was increased by 226.99% in the vertical direction of cartilage surface. In the direction parallel with cartilage surface, the maximum tensile strain at the interface was increased by 116.9%, and the increment was far more than that at the host cartilage area and artificial cartilage area. For shear strain at the repair area, the direction of shear strain at the interface changed oppositely with the compression increasing. Conclusions The repair effect of tissue engineered cartilage was uncertain due to the mechanical environment of the repair area. After the tissue engineered cartilage was implanted in the defect, the repair area was under the influence of complex strain states. The strains changed greatly at the interface both with the host cartilage and artificial cartilage as the compression increasing. The strain in the vertical direction of cartilage surface at the interface might change from compressive stain to tensile strain, which was significantly increased in the direction parallel with cartilage surface. The strain direction at the interface could even be changed oppositely, and the shear strain appeared rapidly increase. The complex strain states lead to such great changes in mechanical environment of the defect area, and may cause cracking at the interface, and even further affect the repair process. Therefore, attention should be given to this complex mechanical environment during cartilage defect repair process in clinical treatment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) on angiogenesis during mandible fracture healing in rabbit.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty adult white rabbits were used for animal model and randomly divided into a control group (25 rabbits) and an experimental group (25 rabbits). The membranous complex of rhbFGF and bovine type I collagen was prepared and implanted into the rabbit mandible fracture site under periosteum. The animals were sacrificed on 7, 14, 28, 56 and 84 days respectively after operation and the whole mandibles were harvested. The expression of factor VIII related antigen (F8-RA) in callus was examined with immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amounts of microvascular formation in calluses in the rhbFGF-treating group on days 7, 14, 28 and 56 were more than those of the control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results indicated that rhbFGF could stimulate microvascular formation during mandible fracture healing in rabbits.</p>